Use It for Good – News and information from IPUMS

Census Data for Good: Analysis to Action

October 9, 2024 by mpcblog

By Lara Cleveland

IPUMS International regularly asks representatives of National Statistical Offices (NSOs) around the world to share their data with the research community. While IPUMS offers a license payment to countries for the right to redistribute microdata, NSO representatives are most interested in how sharing data with IPUMS will benefit the people of their countries. After 30 years of harmonizing data that NSOs have shared with us, IPUMS can indeed point to innovative research from data users all over the world, many at major universities in these partner countries. Directors of statistical offices, especially those with close ties to academia, are thrilled that the data are used for scholarly scientific production and for the purpose of educating the next generation. However, most of these leaders are much more interested in how data sharing leads to effective policy. And they want examples. They are essentially asking how the data have been “used for good,” as the original IPUMS tagline, “Use it for good!” implores.

IPUMS supports the Sustainable Development Goals

In response, IPUMS has been following data-to-policy trails where we can find them. The United Nations’ efforts to establish and measure the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) have provided wins in this area. Early in the life of the SDGs, colleagues from the World Health Organization visited IPUMS to leverage detailed information in the occupational variables for locating the health workforce. Microdata from censuses helped them measure the density of a range of health worker classifications at subnational levels. The International Organization for Migration (IOM) did similar work to disaggregate census-based SDGs by migratory status. At the start of the pandemic, The United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA) used IPUMS census microdata to spin up a dashboard showing the living arrangements of older adults, again at subnational levels. Each of these applications of IPUMS International data resulted in policy recommendations, informed by additional data, additional policy research, and pilot projects.

Constructing comparable intimate partner violence indicators across the DHS, MICS, and PMA health surveys

September 17, 2024September 16, 2024 by mpcblog

By Miriam King, Anna Bolgrien, Mehr Munir, and Devon Kristiansen

The three data series comprising IPUMS Global Health—IPUMS DHS, IPUMS PMA, and IPUMS MICS—contain intersecting subjects related to women’s and children’s health, while retaining distinct patterns of temporal and geographic coverage. This content overlap opens the door to combining harmonized data across the three surveys, to extend time series and/or increase the number of countries in comparative analyses. However, there are important yet subtle differences between these survey types, in sample frames, questionnaire wording, and variable responses and universes, which require cautious consideration. As the example below demonstrates, researchers must use extra care to avoid errors when combining data across IPUMS DHS, MICS, and PMA.

A July 2024 article in the Journal of Public Health Policy, “Constructing Comparable Intimate Partner Violence Indicators across DHS, MICS, and PMA Health Surveys,” describes some challenges and solutions to combining data across these IPUMS databases, using measures of intimate partner violence as an example. The piece, authored by Devon Kristiansen and colleagues at IPUMS, notes two necessary steps in combining data across survey types:

Identify and combine only variables with similar question wording
Adjust the samples to include only comparable subpopulations

Harmonized Malaria Indicator Survey (MIS) Data Now in IPUMS DHS

September 5, 2024September 3, 2024 by mpcblog

By Miriam King, Senior Research Scientist

Malaria is a pressing global health problem, with nearly 250 million malaria cases in 2022, according to the World Health Organization. Approximately 95 percent of malaria deaths were in Africa, with three-quarters of those deaths to children under 5. Climate change is increasing the transmission of mosquito-borne diseases, such as malaria. When IPUMS DHS recently received supplemental funding to support research on Climate Change Effects on Health, adding data on malaria was a top priority. Specifically, IPUMS DHS chose to integrate data from the DHS Malaria Indicator Surveys (MIS).

MIS have been fielded in nearly 30 African countries during the twenty-first century. Developed under an international partnership coordinating efforts to fight malaria, MIS surveys include some standard DHS variables on topics such as demographics, fertility, and household characteristics. MIS questionnaires also include hundreds of questions related to malaria. People’s knowledge about malaria causes, symptoms, and prevention; use of bednets; diagnosis and treatment of malaria, especially for pregnant women and children; exposure to public health messaging; and diagnostic blood testing for malaria in children under 5 are among the topics covered.

Map of Africa with the countries with MIS data in IPUMS DHS filled in with purple — Figure 1: Countries with MIS Data in IPUMS DHS

IPUMS DHS users now have access to harmonized data from 38 MIS samples, with geographic coverage shown in Figure 1. We prioritized harmonizing responses to MIS questions that matched variables already in the IPUMS DHS database, for approximately 700 widely available variables.

Learning and Teaching Resources from IPUMS

August 20, 2024August 20, 2024 by mpcblog

By Kari Williams

In Minneapolis, MN at IPUMS HQ, the days are getting shorter, the nights are getting cooler, and school supplies are on sale in retail stores. Whether you approach “Back to School” season with enthusiasm, dread, or a mixture of the two, we want to remind you that IPUMS has great resources for students, faculty, and researchers!

Celebrating 30 Years: Three Decades of IPUMS Data

July 18, 2024July 17, 2024 by mpcblog

By Diana L. Magnuson; Curator and Historian, ISRDI

"Celebrating 30 years: three decades of IPUMS data" display case with promotional materials, swag items, and historical IPUMS items — “Celebrating 30 years: three decades of IPUMS data” display case at ISRDI Headquarters

“Celebrating 30 Years: Three Decades of IPUMS Data,” the current exhibit at ISRDI Headquarters, highlights thirty years of data innovation at the University of Minnesota. In the late 1980s, the Social History Research Laboratory at the University of Minnesota’s History Department proposed “the creation of a single integrated microdata series composed of public use samples for every year … with the exception of the 1890 census, which was destroyed by fire.” The primary aim was to make the U.S. census microdata “as compatible over time as possible while losing little, if any, of the detail in the original datasets.” (Integrated Public Use Microdata Series: A Prospectus).

Steven Ruggles remembers the moment he went into the History Department lounge on the sixth floor of the Social Science Tower and said, “IPUMS! Integrated Public Use Microdata Series! Isn’t that a great idea?” The response from the graduate research assistants was not enthusiastic. “What a terrible name! You can’t call it that!” According to Ruggles, “It was universal; everyone thought it was just a horrible name … It wasn’t a bad idea to propose, just a terrible thing to call it.” After a brief quandary over pronunciation (Ī-pŭms or Ĭ-pŭms), the name has stuck and is now synonymous with social research, data innovation, and free access. And for the record, we don’t care how you pronounce it, just as long as you cite it!

Digitizing and Exploring Qatar’s Population Censuses

June 24, 2024June 24, 2024 by mpcblog

By Shine Min Thant

Qatar, a small yet influential state in the Middle East, is a very interesting case study for demographic research because of its rapid development over the past thirty years. Qatar occupies a peninsula only slightly larger than the U.S. state of Rhode Island that juts out into the Persian Gulf from its border with Saudi Arabia. The country has experienced relatively rapid economic growth since the late 20th century, mainly due to its vast reserves of natural gas and oil. This newfound wealth allowed Qatar to invest heavily in its healthcare, infrastructure, and education – therefore making the country an ideal case study for social change and development. Additionally, a recent surge in Qatar’s immigrant population (which constitutes over 78 percent of the population) also makes it an ideal country to study social mobility and social change.

As part of the ISRDI Diversity Fellowship Program, I worked with Dr. Tracy Kugler, Professor Steven Manson, Professor Evan Roberts, and undergraduate student Rawan AlGahtani on a project to examine Qatar’s change using census data from 1984, 1997, and 2004. Summary tables from all three censuses were previously only available as printed documents. As a first step, we needed to transform the data from a hard-to-get printed format to widely accessible IPUMS IHGIS format. This process included multiple steps from conducting optical character recognition (OCR) to conducting data quality checks using R scripts (Figure 1).

Figure 1: IPUMS IHGIS Workflow

New Data Release from IPUMS International – From Mexico to MOSAIC

May 9, 2024May 9, 2024 by mpcblog

By Lara Cleveland and Jane Lee

IPUMS International has released new data! Eighteen new census samples have been added to the collection, including data from Côte d’Ivoire, which is new to IPUMS International. Newly released census samples include Cambodia (2019), Côte d’Ivoire (1988, 1998), Denmark (1845, 1880, 1885), Laos (1995, 2015), Mexico (2020), Peru (2017), Puerto Rico (2015, 2020), Switzerland (2011), United Kingdom (1961, 1971), United States (2015, 2020) and Vietnam (2019). As always, we gratefully acknowledge the national statistical offices of all the countries partnering with IPUMS International to make data available for research.

New geography variables are also now available with harmonized migration variables at the second-administrative level; the codes for the newly released migration variables match existing IPUMS International geography codes and labels. As an example, the geographic units in the migration variable for Mexico at the municipo level (place of residence 5 years ago, MIG2_5_MX) are reconciled to the boundaries for place of current residence (GEO2_MX).

This is a map showing the 2020 census 5-year migration rates for GEO1 in Mexico, and GEO2 in Nuevo Leon state — 2020 census 5-year migration rates for GEO1 in Mexico, and GEO2 in Nuevo Leon state. Map by Quinn Heimann